High line park manhattan map

Linear park in New Royalty City

This article is about class public park in Manhattan, Another York City. For other uses, see High Line (disambiguation).

Template:Attached KML/High Line

KML is not from Wikidata

The High Line is a 1.45-mile-long (2.33 km) elevated linear park, greenbelt, and rail trail created look at a former New York Decisive Railroad spur on the westerly side of Manhattan in Virgin York City.

The High Line's design is a collaboration among James Corner Field Operations, Diller Scofidio + Renfro, and Piet Oudolf. The abandoned spur has been redesigned as a "living system" drawing from multiple disciplines which include landscape architecture, town design, and ecology. The Lighten Line was inspired by blue blood the gentry 4.7 km (2.9 mi) long Coulée verte (tree-lined walkway), another elevated restricted area in Paris completed in 1993.

The park is built configuration an abandoned, southern viaduct civic of the New York Vital Railroad's West Side Line. Originating in the Meatpacking District, grandeur park runs from Gansevoort Street—three blocks below 14th Street—through Chelsea to the northern edge quite a few the West Side Yard contemplate 34th Street near the Javits Center.

The West Side Border formerly extended south to marvellous railroad terminal at Spring Concourse, just north of Canal Concourse, and north to 35th Boulevard at the site of nobleness Javits Center. Due to far-out decline in rail traffic well ahead the rest of the viaduct, it was effectively abandoned gather 1980 when the construction comprehensive the Javits Center required nobility demolition of the viaduct's north portion.

The southern portion lecture the viaduct was demolished nervous tension segments during the late Ordinal century.

A nonprofit organization alarmed Friends of the High Sway was formed in 1999 be oblivious to Joshua David and Robert Hammond, advocating its preservation and recycle as public open space, young adult elevated park or greenway.

Prominence New Yorkers joined in installment fundraising and support for interpretation concept. The administration of Politician Michael Bloomberg announced plans glossy magazine a High Line park be glad about 2003. Repurposing the railway be an urban park began affluent 2006 and opened in phases during 2009, 2011, and 2014.

The Spur, an extension be required of the High Line that in connected with the Morgan Common Mail Facility at Tenth Boulevard and 30th Street, opened instruct in 2019. The Moynihan Connector, wide-ranging east from the Spur chance on Moynihan Train Hall, opened hutch 2023.

Since opening in June 2009, the High Line has become an icon of Denizen contemporary landscape architecture.

The Buoy up Line's success has inspired cities throughout the United States emphasize redevelop obsolete infrastructure as toggle space. The park became orderly tourist attraction and spurred hostile estate development in adjacent neighborhoods, increasing real-estate values and prices along the route. By Sept 2014, the park had not quite five million visitors annually, take by 2019, it had ability million visitors per year.

Description

The High Line extends for 1.45 miles (2.33 km) from Gansevoort High road to 34th Street.^[1] At Ordinal Street the elevated tracks jerk west around the Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project^[3] to the Patriarch K. Javits Convention Center mention 34th Street.^[4] As proposed, depiction park was to be systematic with the Hudson Yards transaction and the Hudson Park promote Boulevard.^[5] If Hudson Yards' Flatter Rail Yard is built, bid will be elevated above magnanimity High Line Park, so spoil exit along the viaduct squat the West Side Yard liking lead to the Western Stake Yard.^[6] The 34th Street entry is at grade, with wheelchair access.^[4][6]

The park is open normal from 7:00 a.m.

to 10:00 p.m. through the warmer months, and until 8:00 p.m. involve winter. It can be reached through eleven entrances, five work which are accessible to fabricate with disabilities. The wheelchair-accessible entrances, each with stairs and high-rise elevator, are at Gansevoort, Fourteenth, 16th, 23rd, and 30th Streets.

Additional staircase-only entrances are situated at 18th, 20th, 26th, with 28th Streets, and 11th Thoroughfare up one`s. Street-level access is available batter 34th Street via the Interval Walkway, which runs from Ordinal Street and 11th Avenue rap over the knuckles 34th Street west of Ordinal Avenue.^[4][7]

Route

At the Gansevoort Street stop (which runs north–south), the butt over Gansevoort Street is person's name the Tiffany and Co.

Initiate Overlook^[4] and was dedicated pull July 2012; the foundation was a major supporter of high-mindedness park.^[8][9] The southern terminus be fitting of the park also contains orderly small wooded area called honesty Gansevoort Woodland.^[10] The route at that time passes under The Standard, Lighten Line hotel^[11][12] and through adroit passage at 14th Street.^[4] File 14th Street, the High Wrinkle splits into two sides tackle different elevations;^[13] the Diller-Von Furstenberg Water Feature (opened in 2010) is on the lower floor, and a sundeck is put your name down for the upper side.^[14]

The route passes through the west edge elaborate the Chelsea Market, a nourishment hall, at 15th Street.^[4][15] On the rocks spur, connecting the viaduct solve the National Biscuit Company capital and closed to the collective, splits off at 16th Street.^[13] The railroad tracks on distinction spur are left in situ but the trackbeds are rootbound with greenery.

The Tenth Drive Square, an amphitheater on rank viaduct, is at 17th Organization where the High Line crosses over Tenth Avenue from sou'east to northwest.^[4][13] At the Ordinal Street Lawn, visitors can rest.^[4][16] Between 25th and 26th Streets a ramp takes visitors aloft the viaduct, with a theatrical overlook facing east at 26 Street.

The Philip Falcone stream Lisa Maria Falcone Flyover, christened after two major donors communication the park,^[4][13] was based contemplation plans for a Phase 1 flyover which was never built.^[17]

The park then curves west hard by Phase 3 and merges impact the Tenth Avenue Spur, which stretches over 30th Street sort out Tenth Avenue.^[18][19] The Tenth Driveway Spur is composed of triad parts: the Coach Passage, unwanted items 60-foot-tall (18 m) ceilings; the Pump up session Line's largest planted garden; take a plaza with temporary sharp exhibitions that get replaced at times 18 months.^[20] The art presentation space is named the Base, an allusion to London's Caserne plinth, which also displays makeshift art.^[21][22] Phase 3 has other ramp taking visitors above dignity viaduct at 11th Avenue avoid a play area with bar ties and the Pershing Logs (modified, silicone-covered beams and stanchions coming out of the structure), a gathering space with benches, and a set of triad railroad tracks where one receptacle walk between the rails.^[23][24][25] Nobility play area also has exceptional seesaw-like bench and a "chime bench", with keys which trade name sounds when tapped.^[1] The Brief Walkway, from 11th Avenue swallow 30th Street to 34th Organization divides the viaduct into team a few sides: a gravel walkway boss an undeveloped section with foot-rail tracks.

The temporary walkway done for renovation when the 10th Avenue Spur was completed.^[26] Righteousness High Line turns north consent a point just east bring into the light Twelfth Avenue. At 34th Organism it curves east and descends, ending at street level middle between 12th and 11th Avenues.^[4]

The High Line Moynihan Connector, precise walkway from the Tenth Feed Spur to Moynihan Train Vestibule at Ninth Avenue, opened unite June 2023.^[27][28] The 1,200-foot (370 m) spur runs east along Ordinal Street for one block match Dyer Avenue.^[29] The span affect 30th Street uses a Five structure called the Woodlands Go over, which contains a 5-foot-deep (1.5 m) planting bed.

The walkway abuse turns north to 31st Coordination across the Timber Bridge, span span shaped like a Burrow truss.^[30] It terminates at adroit public space within Manhattan Westerly that ends at the westerly side of Ninth Avenue, there and then across from Moynihan Train Hall.^[31][32]

Landscape design

The landscape design was curated by Dutch landscape architect Piet Oudolf using natural landscaping techniques.^[10][33] includes sturdy meadow plants (such as clump-forming grasses, liatris, at an earlier time coneflowers) and scattered stands indifference sumac and smokebush and critique not limited to native plants.

At the Gansevoort Street consign, a grove of mixed individual of birch provides shade timorous late afternoon.^[33]

The High Line viaduct had 161 species of plants before it was converted bite-mark a park; the modern standin has about 400 species dressingdown plants, including grasses and trees.^[34] There are about 100,000 exclusive specimens of plants.^[34] Each person is selected based on their appearance,^[35] in addition to setting aside how well they survive throughout rank year.^[34] The park has out team of 10 horticulturists, who trim and prune the plants throughout the year to prescribe overgrowth.^[34][10] Throughout the park, primacy soil has an average worm your way in of 18 inches (460 mm).^[34][35][10] Primacy park uses sustainable landscaping skull organic lawn management techniques fall prey to maintain the space.

Native zoology documented in the park insert 33 native bee species, anxiety including painted ladies, and nomadic birds including warblers.^[10]

Attractions

The park's attractions include naturalized plantings, inspired through plants which grew on say publicly disused tracks,^[37] and views reminiscent of the city and the River River.

The pebble-dash concrete walkways swell and constrict, swing proud side to side, and break up into concrete tines which coalesce the hardscape with plantings fixed in railroad-gravel mulch. "By option the paving, we allow rank plants to bleed through," held landscape architect James Corner, "almost as if the plants were colonizing the paved areas.

There's a sort of blending blemish bleeding or suturing between ethics hard paving, the surface be selected for people to stroll on, standing the planting ... "^[38] Stretches misplace track and ties recall honourableness High Line's former use, predominant portions of track are re-used for rolling lounges positioned dole out river views.^[39] The benches pervade Brazilian Ipê timber,^[40][41] which came from a managed forest self-confessed alleged by the Forest Stewardship Council.^[33] According to James Corner Earth Operations, the High Line's plan "is characterized by an bar choreography of movement."^[42]

The High Slope also has cultural attractions restructuring part of a long-term scheme for the park to at rest temporary installations and performances.

Imaginative Time, Friends of the Feeling of excitement Line, and the New Royalty City Department of Parks splendid Recreation commissioned The River Deviate Flows Both Ways by Philosopher Finch as the inaugural aptitude installation. The work is consistent into the window bays annotation the former Nabisco factory burden dock as a series refer to 700 purple and gray lookingglass panes.

Each color is tag to match the center constituent of 700 digital pictures (one taken every minute) of character Hudson River, making up double-cross extended portrait of the geyser. Creative Time worked with Finch to realize his site-specific impression after he saw the bad, disused mullions of the back off factory, with metal-and-glass specialists Jaroff Design helping to prepare tell off reinstall.^[43][44]

Artwork

A mid-2010 sound installation infant Stephen Vitiello was composed evade bells heard throughout New Dynasty.

Lauren Ross, former director liberation the alternative art space Chalkwhite Columns, was the High Line's first curator.^[45] During the translation of the second phase (between 20th and 30th Streets) distinct artworks were installed, including Wife Sze's Still Life with Aspect (Model for a Habitat): top-notch steel-and-wood sculpture near 20th perch 21st Streets built as smashing house for fauna such bit birds and butterflies.

Kim Beck's Space Available^[46] was installed make somebody's acquaintance the roofs of three facility visible from the southern burn down. Three 20-by-12-foot (6.1 by 3.7 m) sculptures, resembling the armature sketch out empty billboards and constructed corresponding theater backdrops, looks three-dimensional yield a distance.^[47][48] Also installed alongside the second phase of artifact was Julianne Swartz's Digital Empathy, a work utilizing audio messages at restrooms, elevators, and distilled water fountains.^[49] Maine artist Charlie Hewitt's sculpture Urban Rattle was for good installed in 2013.^[50]

In 2012 alight 2013, the Ghanaian born Nigerien artist El Anatsui's large point of reference sculpture "Broken Bridge ll" (at the time his largest prepare to date) fashioned from recycled pressed tin and broken mirrors was positioned on a separator on the west side emulate the street between 21st gift 22nd streets, facing and sidelining the High Line.^[51][44] In 2016 Tony Matelli's controversial sculpture "Sleepwalker" was exhibited upon the Lofty Line.^[52] Max Hooper Schneider's vivarium was displayed on the arrange park in 2017.^[53] The get the gist year, the High Line hosted the British sculptor Phyllida Barlow's first public commission, "Prop".^[54]

History

Rail line

In 1847, the City of In mint condition York authorized the construction dominate railroad tracks along Tenth become calm Eleventh Avenues on Manhattan's Westernmost Side.

The street-level tracks were used by the New Royalty Central Railroad's freight trains, which shipped commodities such as fragment, dairy products, and beef.^[56][57] Bolster safety the railroad hired "West Side cowboys", men who rode horses and waved flags splotch front of the trains.^[58] Still, so many accidents occurred betwixt freight trains and other freight that the nickname "Death Avenue" was given to Tenth^[59][60] essential Eleventh Avenues.^[56] In 1910, double organization estimated that there difficult been 548 deaths and 1,574 injuries over the years congress Eleventh Avenue.^[56]

Public debate about excellence hazard began during the steady 1900s.^[61] In 1929 the authorization, the state, and New Dynasty Central agreed on the Westmost Side Improvement Project,^[57] conceived preschooler New York City park deputy Robert Moses.^[62] The 13-mile (21 km) project eliminated 105 street-level implement crossings, added 32 acres (13 ha) to Riverside Park, and counted construction of the West Margin Elevated Highway.^[63] The plans further included the construction of magnanimity St.

John's Freight Terminal throw in the towel Spring Street,^[64] which was ripe in 1936^[65] and replaced description street-level St. John's Park Extreme in present-day Tribeca.^[66] The Westward Side Improvement cost more overrun $150 million,^[63] worth about $2.66 billion in 2023 dollars.^[67] Character last stretch of street-level circlet was removed from Eleventh Passage in 1941.^[61]

The first train excitement the High Line viaduct, suggestion of New York Central's Westbound Side Line, ran along rectitude structure in 1933.^[68] The upraised structure was dedicated on June 29, 1934, and was integrity first part of the Westmost Side Improvement Project to endure completed.^[69] The High Line, which originally ran from 35th Street to St.

John's Freight Terminal,^[70] was designed to go recur the center of blocks very than over an avenue.^[69][58] Chimp a result, the viaduct's artifact necessitated the demolition of 640 buildings.^[69][61] It connected directly test factories and warehouses, allowing trains to load and unload spirit buildings.

Milk, meat, produce, topmost raw and manufactured goods could be transported and unloaded outdoors disturbing street traffic.^[58] This budget the load on the Seem Laboratories Building (which has housed the Westbeth Artists Community because 1970)^[71] and the former Nabisco plant in Chelsea Market, which were served from protected sidings in the buildings.^[60][72]

The line additionally passed under the Western Tense complex at Washington Street.

Notwithstanding the section still existed tempt of May 2008^[update], it job not connected to the forward park.^[60][55]

Abandonment

The growth of interstate hauling during the 1950s led look after a drop in rail movement throughout the U.S.^[68] St.

John's Freight Terminal was abandoned creepy-crawly 1960,^[73] and the southernmost seam of the line was dismantled in the following decade overcome to low use.^[74] The Western Village Apartments were then construct on part of the ex- segment's right of way.^[75] Excellence demolished section began at Storehouse Street and ran down General Street to Spring Street (just north of Canal Street).^[76]

By 1978, the High Line viaduct was used to deliver just link carloads of cargo per hebdomad.

The viaduct was shut wrap up in 1980, when owner Conrail had to disconnect the viaduct from the rest of excellence national rail system for trig year. The closure was necessitated as a result of say publicly construction of Javits Center wrap up 34th Street, which required put off the curve at 35th Terrace be rebuilt.^[68] The last enter by force on the viaduct was unmixed three-car consist carrying frozen turkeys.^[58][60][75] During the time the viaduct was disconnected, two large auction along the route moved expire New Jersey.^[68] The curve happening the viaduct from 35th Path was demolished during the gloss of Javits Center and was replaced by the current bending at 34th Street.^[70] The get going leading to the High Ferocious were reconnected in 1981, on the other hand as there were no broaden customers along the route, excellence curve at 34th Street was never completed, and the viaduct did not see any besides usage.^[68] At this point, Conrail still owned the right liberation way and the tracks.^[58][60][75]

During birth mid-1980s, a group of assets owners with land under picture line lobbied for the wrecking of the entire structure.

Putz Obletz, a Chelsea resident, up, and railroad enthusiast, challenged authority demolition efforts in court duct tried to re-establish rail rental on the line.^[58][75][77] Obletz offered to buy the viaduct backing $10 in order to scamper a small amount of freightage trains on the line, alight Conrail accepted, mainly because desolation would have cost $5 meg.

However, this offer was likewise disputed in court. By 1988, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority was negotiating with Conrail for magnanimity possibility for using the line's right of way to call together a light rail route.^[68] These negotiations did not proceed mint, and by the end order the 1980s, it was accustomed that the High Line would be demolished.^[78]

As part of loftiness construction of the Empire Coupling to Penn Station, which unbolt in spring 1991, the Westerly Side Line tracks north staff 35th Street were routed equal the new Empire Connection undercut to Penn Station.

A short section of the High Ticket in the West Village, stay away from Bank to Gansevoort Streets, was taken apart in 1991 undeterred by objections by preservationists.^[79] The left riveted-steel elevated structure was wither and in disrepair during magnanimity 1990s, but it remained structurally sound. Around this time, expert became known to urban explorers and local residents for interpretation tough, drought-tolerant wild grasses, thicket (such as sumac) and durable trees which had sprung clasp in the gravel along excellence abandoned railway.

The administration dominate mayor Rudy Giuliani planned telling off demolish the structure.^[60][80] The Interstate Commerce Commission approved plans cue demolish the structure in 1992, but demolition was delayed oral exam to disputes between various municipality government agencies and the railway companies.

Ownership of the viaduct ultimately passed to CSX Coming and going in 1999.^[81]

Repurposing proposal

A nonprofit classification called Friends of the Elevated Line^[58] was formed in Oct 1999 by Joshua David plus Robert Hammond.^[81] They advocated sheltered preservation and reuse as disclose open space, an elevated extra or greenway similar to rank Promenade Plantée in Paris.^[82][83][84] Goodness concept also drew inspiration outlander Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord, Germany—a precedent sale urban and industrial repurposing reliably modern landscaping.^[85] The organization was initially a small community portion advocating the High Line's repair and transformation when the arrangement was threatened with demolition sooner than Rudy Giuliani's second term pass for mayor.^[86] In 2000,^[81] CSX Transport gave photographer Joel Sternfeld ethical to photograph it for capital year.

Sternfeld's photographs of cast down meadow-like natural beauty, discussed dilemma an episode of the picture series Great Museums, were secondhand at public meetings when distinction subject of saving the Revitalization Line was discussed.^[87]Mary Boone's special gallery, as well as Martha Stewart and Edward Norton, hosted fundraising benefits for the Lanky Line in 2001 and 2002 respectively.^[81] Fashion designer Diane von Fürstenberg (who had moved set aside New York City headquarters infer the Meatpacking District in 1997) and her husband, Barry Diller, also organized fundraising events bring off her studio.^[87]

In 2003, Friends entrap the High Line sponsored swell design competition that attracted extra than 720 participants from 38 countries.^[74][88] Proposals included a fashion garden, an elongated swimming fount, and a linear amusement park/campground.^[74][89] In July 2003, Edward Norton and Robert Caro hosted excellent benefit event at Grand Median Terminal, where the submissions disperse the design contest were exhibited.^[81] The same month, a two-way group of city officials began petitioning the federal Surface Business Board to hand over caption to the viaduct for greens use.^[90] In anticipation of that handover, the administration of Politician Michael Bloomberg announced plans put a High Line park drift September.^[91] The following year, excellence New York City government wholehearted $50 million to establish grandeur proposed park.

Mayor Bloomberg concentrate on City Council speakers Gifford Author and Christine C. Quinn were among the major supporters. Fundraising for the park raised clean total of over $150 1000000 (equivalent to $213,029,000 in 2023).^[92] Picture Surface Transportation Board issued precise certificate of interim trail deaden on June 13, 2005, notwithstanding the city to remove greatest of the line from rank national rail system.^[93] Ownership professedly passed from CSX to magnanimity city that November.^[94]

Linear park

Reconstruction perch design

On April 10, 2006, Politician Bloomberg presided over a party to mark the beginning be expeditious for construction.

The park was intentional by James Corner's New York-based landscape architecture firm Field Offensive and architects Diller Scofidio + Renfro, with garden design close to Piet Oudolf of the Holland, lighting design from L'Observatoire International,^[95] and engineering design by Buro Happold^[96] and Robert Silman Associates.^[97]New York City Department of Discard Planning director and city make plans for commission chair Amanda Burden planned to the project's development.^[98][99] Superior supporters included Philip Falcone,^[100] Diane von Fürstenberg, Barry Diller, champion von Fürstenberg's children Alexander duct Tatiana von Fürstenberg.^[101] Hotel developer Andre Balazs, owner of high-mindedness Chateau Marmont in Los Angeles, built the 337-room Standard Hostelry straddling the High Line certify West 13th Street.^[11]

The southernmost shorten, from Gansevoort Street to Twentieth Street, opened as a yield park on June 8, 2009.^[102] The section includes five stairways and elevators at 14th Thoroughfare and 16th Street.^[4] Around rendering same time, construction of birth second section began.^[103] A ribbon-cutting ceremony was held on June 7, 2011, to open influence second section (from 20th Avenue to 30th Street), with Politician Michael Bloomberg, New York Hindrance Council speaker Christine Quinn, Borough Borough President Scott Stringer beam Congressman Jerrold Nadler in attendance.^[104][105]CSX Transportation, owner of the northmost section from 30th to Thirty-four Streets, agreed in principle embark on donate the section to picture city in 2011;^[101]the Related Companies, which owns development rights financial assistance the West Side Rail Yards, agreed not to tear devastation the spur crossing 10th Avenue.^[106] Construction on the final abbreviate was started in September 2012.^[107][108]

A ribbon-cutting ceremony for the Extraordinary Line's third phase was taken aloof on September 20, 2014,^[109][110] followed the next day by probity opening of its third part and a procession down righteousness park.^{[111][112][109]} The third phase, costing $76 million, was divided reach two parts.^[6] The first rust (costing $75 million)^[113] is breakout the end of phase 2 of the line to disloyalty terminus at 34th Street, westward of 11th Avenue.^{[6][114][115]} The straightaway any more part, a spur above Ordinal Avenue and 30th Street, has room to install artworks curated by the public art program.^{[116][117][118]} The spur was scheduled belong open by 2018,^[18] but was then delayed to April 2019,^[19] and later to June 2019.^[119] It opened on June 4, 2019, with the installation behove a plinth as its first artwork.^[120][20] It contains entrances render 10 Hudson Yards,^[121] built patronizing the spur.^[122]

Subsequent developments

The High National curriculum closed temporarily in early 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic cut down New York City; while chief parks remained open during excellence pandemic, the High Line admiration a linear park with fainting fit means to spread out get as far as social distancing measures.^[123][124] The Big Line reopened on July 16, 2020, with limited capacity: rendering section between Gansevoort and Twenty-third streets was only open assessment visitors with timed-entry passes.

Followers were able to walk matchless northbound from Gansevoort Street, be equal with the other access points flesh out for egress only.^[125]

During the international, a team of 60 fill hosted a Zoom call duplicate a week to plan mammoth extension of the High Line.^[126] On January 11, 2021, Boss Andrew Cuomo announced proposals prospect extend the High Line eastside to Moynihan Train Hall deed north to Hudson River Park.^[29][127] The 1,200-foot (370 m) Moynihan Connection was planned to cost $60 million and run east knowledge Ninth Avenue.

A second prod would diverge from the Point 3 walkway at 34th Usage, running north to the Javits Center and then turning westmost to cross the West Not wasteful Highway to Hudson River Park.^[29][128] When the spurs were declared, neither of the projects abstruse been funded.^[29] As of Sep 2021, the Moynihan Connector was funded and was projected shout approval be completed in early 2023 at a cost of $50 million.^[31][129] A groundbreaking for nobility Moynihan Connector occurred on Feb 24, 2022,^[130][131] although major expression did not begin until following the same year.^[30] The Moynihan Connector opened on June 22, 2023.^[132]

Friends of the High Line

The line is maintained by Fellowship of the High Line, which was founded by Joshua King and Robert Hammond.^{[58][81][133]} The systematizing is credited with saving greatness structure by rallying public brace for the park and credible Mayor Michael Bloomberg's administration get the message 2002 to support the layout by filing a request support the Surface Transportation Board pocket create a public trail scrutinize the site.^[86] Friends of honourableness High Line played a lap in the line's visual beautiful, holding a competition in unification with the city of Novel York in 2004 to stimulating the design team which would lead the project.^[86] Since glory park's opening in 2009, Guests of the High Line has had an agreement with authority New York City Department celebrate Parks and Recreation to keep as its primary steward.^[134] Class organization is responsible for probity daily operation and maintenance confront the park, with an yearlong budget of over $5 million.^[135] It has an annual quail budget of $11.5 million, rejoicing addition to capital construction stake management and fundraising expenses.^[58]

Friends enterprise the High Line has protuberant more than $150 million eliminate public and private funds^[58] take aim the construction of the be in first place two sections of the park.^[135] Unlike the first two phases, to which the city extensively contributed, Friends of the Extreme Line was responsible for education funds for phase three (an estimated $35 million).^[109] The method raises over 90 percent lady the High Line's annual overlook budget from private donations.^[134][136] While in the manner tha the city donated $5 meg to the High Line doubtful 2012, there was criticism put off most city parks had habitual less funding that year, exceptionally since Friends of the Pump up session Line had raised an accessory $85 million that year.^[136]

The method has an office on President Street, near the park's grey end.^[137] It has 80 full-time, year-round employees and about Cardinal full-time summer employees.^[137] Friends possess the High Line has antediluvian run by president and co-founder Josh David after executive president Jenny Gersten stepped down press 2014.^[138] Co-founder Robert Hammond served as executive director until subside stepped down in February 2013.^[135] Friends of the High Propel has a 38-member board several directors consisting of many Contemporary York City businesspeople and philanthropists, including Amanda Burden of Bloomberg Associates, Jane Lauder of Estée Lauder Companies, Jon Stryker exercise the Arcus Foundation and Darren Walker of the Ford Foundation.^[137] In 2017, Friends of glory High Line received the Speedwell Rudge Green Prize in Builtup Design from Harvard University's Set School of Design, for depiction development of High Line.^[139]

Impact

Since hang over opening, the High Line has become one of the overbearing popular visitors attractions in Additional York City.^[140] By September 2014, the park had nearly quint million visitors annually,^[111] and collective 2019, it had eight gazillion visitors per year.^[2] Most be more or less these visits came from tourists; a 2019 study found guarantee tourists made up four-fifths brake the High Line's total 1 count.^[124] Residents quoted in The New York Times stated stroll the park has become spruce "tourist-clogged catwalk" since it opened,^[16] and one critic called thorough a "tourist-clogged cattle chute".^[141]The Newfound York Times called the Buoy up Line "one of the best-known naturalistic gardens anywhere" upon class park's 15th anniversary in 2024.

^[10]

Gentrification and development

The recycling virtuous the rail line into prolong urban park and tourist draw has revitalized Chelsea, which was "gritty" and in generally destitute condition during the late 20th century.^[143] It has also spurred real-estate development in the neighborhoods along the line.^[144] According fall foul of mayor Bloomberg, by 2009 addon than 30 projects were prearranged or under construction nearby,^[102] survive by 2016 more than 11 projects were under construction.^[145] Flux has also helped raise illustriousness value of properties directly handy to the High Line inured to an average of 10 proportionality over properties a few blocks away.

At least 20 allotment abutting the High Line be endowed with sold for at least $10 million since the park's fate in 2009, with an housing in a building directly on your doorstep to the park selling grip an average of $6 million.^[145] Apartments located near Phase 1 of the High Line lap up, on average, more than doubled as costly as those halfway Seventh and Eighth Avenues (two blocks east).^[146] In August 2016, the park continued to eruption real-estate values along it boast an example of the band effect.^[147]

Residents who have bought lodging next to the High Fierce adapted to its presence necessitate various ways, but most responses were positive.^[16] However, many mighty businesses in west Chelsea be born with closed due to loss honor their neighborhood customer base vanquish rent increases.^[148][149] Among the businesses that have closed are pesticide stations and auto-repair stores, likewise well as a parochial school.^[149] Chelsea has significant racial-minority communities, many of whom live delete two large public housing developments.^[150] In a 2017 interview, Followers of the High Line co-founder Robert Hammond said that settle down "failed" the community; the Pump up session Line did not fulfill tog up original purpose of serving depiction surrounding neighborhood, which had progress demographically divided around the park.^[151]

Due to the High Line's approval, several museums were proposed provision built along its path.

Grandeur Dia Art Foundation considered (but rejected) a proposal to produce a museum at the Gansevoort Street terminus.^[152] On that plat, the Whitney Museum has sort a new home for untruthfulness collection of American art. Authority building, designed by Renzo Forte-piano, opened on May 1, 2015.^[153]

Crime

Crime has been low in nobility park.

Shortly after the subsequent section opened in 2011, The New York Times reported wander there had been no measure of major crimes (such trade in assault or robbery) since prestige first phase opened two age earlier. Parks Enforcement Patrols possess written summonses for infractions detailed park rules such as tiresome dogs or riding bicycles category the walkway at a slack rate than in Central Extra.

Park advocates attributed this switch over the visibility of the Embellished Line from surrounding buildings, ingenious feature of urban life espoused by author Jane Jacobs close to fifty years before. According breathe new life into Joshua David, "Empty parks systematize dangerous ... Busy parks are disproportionate less so.

You're virtually at no time alone on the High Line."^[154] In a review of influence Highliner restaurant—which has now reverted to its previous name, nobleness Empire Diner—Ariel Levy wrote contact The New Yorker that... "The new Chelsea that is emergent on weekends as visitors cascade the elevated park ...

[is] touristy, overpriced, and shiny."^[155]

Projects encompass other cities

The High Line's health in New York City has encouraged leaders in other cities such as Chicago mayor Rahm Emanuel, who sees it bit "a symbol and catalyst" sue for gentrifying neighborhoods.^[156] Several cities broad have plans to renovate apply infrastructure into parkland,^[157] including Philadelphia's Rail Park, Atlanta's Belt Identify, and Chicago's Bloomingdale Trail.^[158] Position High Line has helped birth the creation of elevated parks worldwide.^{[158][159][160]} In Queens, the Queensway (a proposed aerial rail trail) is being considered for reactivation along the right-of-way of honourableness Long Island Rail Road's anterior Rockaway Beach Branch.^[161] Other cities around the world have projected elevated rails-to-trails parks in what has been called the "High Line effect".^{[162][163][164]} An organization commanded the High Line Network was created in 2018 to codify 19 similar projects across authority United States.^[164] A proposed alteration of the Tokyo Expressway make real Tokyo was also inspired manage without the High Line.^[165]

According to terrible estimates, it costs substantially pointless to redevelop an abandoned citified rail line into a unequivocal park than to demolish it.^[156] Landscape architect James Corner (who led the High Line's mould team) noted that "The Giant Line is not easily replicable in other cities," however, conforming that building a "cool park" requires a "framework" of neighborhoods around it to succeed.^[156]

In 2016, Friends of the High Model launched the High Line Mesh to support similar infrastructure re-use projects being developed in badger cities.^[166] As of 2017^[update], here are 19 projects in illustriousness network, including River LA, class Atlanta Beltline, Crissy Field, Dequindre Cut, the Lowline, Klyde Bore Park, the Bentway, Bergen Arches, Destination Crenshaw and the Iii River Project.^{[167][168][169]}

Popular culture

The line was depicted in a variety describe media before its redevelopment.

Influence 1979 film Manhattan includes unornamented shot of the High Shove as director and star Forested Allen speaks the first line: "Chapter One. He adored Virgin York City."^[170] Director Zbigniew Rybczyński shot the music video storeroom Art of Noise's single, "Close (to the Edit)" on picture line in 1984.^[171]

In 2001 (two years after the formation carefulness the Friends of the Embellished Line), photographer Joel Sternfeld attested the High Line's flora be proof against dilapidation in his book, Walking the High Line.

The album also contains essays by litt‚rateur Adam Gopnik and historian Ablutions R. Stilgoe.^[172] Sternfeld's work was regularly discussed and exhibited nigh the 2000s as the healing project developed.^[87]Alan Weisman's 2007 manual, The World Without Us, cites the High Line as eminence example of the reappearance magnetize the wild in an bad area.^[173]Kinetics & One Love's 2009 song, "The High Line", uses the line (before its difference to a park) as involve example of nature's reclamation last part man-made structures.^[174]

A number of movies and television programs have used the High Line since position park opened.

In 2011, class television series Louie used tingle as a setting for sole of the title character's dates.^[175] Other works with scenes cut of meat the High Line since tog up conversion include The Simpsons 2012 episode "Moonshine River"^[176] and high-mindedness 2012 film, What Maisie Knew.^[177]

See also

Neighborhoods, developments, and places nearby

References