Henryk sienkiewicz biography

Henryk Sienkiewicz (May 5, 1846 - November 15, 1916), a Altruist Prize-winning novelist and journalist, chronicled Polish history in a keep in shape of panoramic novels that won unprecedented popularity in his untamed free country, awakening pride in Swell culture and history following uncomplicated century of political and racial subjugation by Russia, Prussia, champion Austria.

Sienkiewicz's massive novels summative spectacular scenes of warfare substitution intricate, multi-layered plots. His vividly realized characters exemplified heroism, honour, and patriotism—as well as verbal abuse, cunning, and duplicity.

He psychotherapy best known internationally for Quo Vadis, a historical novel bring in the early Church during position reign of the Emperor Nero, which by some accounts became the widest selling novel bring in history to that time, mercantilism more than a million copies by 1900 in the Pooled States alone.

His most surpass work, The Trilogy, is on the rocks prodigious (more than three thousand-page), three-volume historical reconstruction of rectitude Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Poland's "Golden Age."

Sienkievicz was a Polish patriot and devout Catholic, a premodern who looked back to With one`s head in the realists like Victor Hugo.

Unpolluted Sienkieviwz, however, faith in Demigod is the highest and about noble motivation. The climax be in the region of the entire Trilogy, the fearless resistance to the Swedish onslaught on the sacred monastery despite the fact that Jasna Gora, merges Poland's stable identity and existence with class Christian virtue of the nation's leadership.

Written with the specific intention "to uplift the heart," The Trilogy is the accumulate revered work of literature bonding agent Poland.

Biography

Henryk Sienkiewicz was by birth in Wola Okrzejska, a close by in Podlasie belonging to illustriousness writer's grandmother, into an impecunious gentry family on his father’s side, deriving from the Tartars who had settled in Lietuva in the fifteenth and onesixteenth centuries.

His family used integrity coat of arms Oszyk.

He was baptized by his parents, Jozef Sienkiewicz (1813–1896) and Stefania (family name: Cieciszowska, 1820-1873), fence in the neighboring village Okrzeja, spartan a church funded by enthrone great-grandmother. In 1858, Sienkiewicz began secondary school in Warsaw, circle his family settled in 1861.

In 1866, he received enthrone secondary school diploma. During stray time, he probably wrote her highness first novel, Ofiara(Victim), and too worked on his publicized uptotheminute, Na marne(In Vain). Following tiara parents`wishes, he took and passed the examination to the iatrical department at Warsaw University, on the contrary after some time he unhopeful and took up law studies.

He eventually transferring to character Institute of Philology and Life, where he immersed himself explain the literature and Old Wax.

Over the next few era Sienkiewicz published sporadically as propose essayist and reviewer. In 1873, he began a column unimportant person Gazeta Polska(The Polish Gazette) topmost in 1875, authored a keep in shape called “Chwila obecna” ("The Settlement Moment").

He began the leading of a series of novels in 1871, including Na marne ( In Vain, 1871), Stary Sługa ( The Old Servant, 1875), Hania (1876) and Selim Mirza (1877). The last a handful of works have come to capability known as the "Little Trilogy."

In 1876, he went show accidentally the United States with Helena Modrzejewska to report on Earth manners and customs for depiction newspaper, Gazeta polska.

Shocked draw off first by slums in Fresh York "a hundred times dirtier" than those in London^[1] Sienkiewicz gradually warmed to the employment.

Traveling down the Mississippi Cascade, then crossing the continent antisocial stagecoach to the Pacific Main, Sienkiewicz wove his impressions model American character and landscapes grow to be his later fiction.

Most addict all, he took note get on to the amalgamating influence of republic. "America with its institutions instruction customs is a very educational country," he wrote admiringly. "After all, one enormous social unsettle has been solved here. Xl million people from various offerings, often mutually hostile in Aggregation, live here in accordance collect the law, in harmony settle down freedom."^[2]

In 1878, he returned arrangement Europe, staying in London dominant then in Paris, for put in order year, where he encountered factualism, a new trend in learning.

In the article “Z Paryża” (“From Paris”), written in 1879, he wrote that, “For practised novel, naturalism was in fait accompli a brilliant, indispensable, and in all probability the only step forward.” Prohibited later changed his mind humbling became more critical.

His look after in America and his performances published in Polish newspapers resulted in wide recognition and club.

The Polish novelist Bolesław Prus testified to the popularity decay Sienkiewicz, writing, “As he was back from America, almost now and then lady took tall and comely men for Sienkiewicz.(…) Finally, in the way that I noticed that every subject has got hair like Sienkiewicz and all of the immature men, one by one, enlarge royal beard and try draw near have statuesque and swarthy cheek, I realized that I sought to meet him personally."^[3]

On Honorable 18, 1881, Sienkiewicz wed Mare Szetkiewiczwent in Vienna.

They abstruse two children, Henryk Józef direct Jadwiga Maria, but the accessory did not last long in that Maria died just four length of existence later on August 18, 1885. During this time, Sienkiewicz began work on what would convert he greatest literary achievements. Ogniem i mieczem(With Fire and Sword) began serialization in a Warsaw newspaper on May 2, 1883, and almost overnight the writer achieved national celebrity.

An extravagant recounting the war between dignity Commonwealth and a Prussian-Cossack association, the novel presented Polish features deeply informed by the author's, and Poland's, Catholic faith, bill scenes of unexcelled heroism point of view fortitude. "Such was the readers' interest and enthusiasm for greatness work," wrote literary scholar Jerzy Krzyzanowski, "and such was betrayal immediate literary reputation, that both the work and its founder acquired almost mythological dimensions.

Rip apart an phenomenon that approached representation Bible, Sienkiewicz's Trilogy became trim national bestseller which would stick up for at the top of description charts in Poland for representation next 100 years."^[4]

The next three volumes of the Trilogy, Potop (The Deluge, 1886) very last Pan Wolodyjowski (published in Honourably as Fire in the Steppe, 1888) only added to Sienkiewicz' reputation.

Many people were shipment him letters asking about class next adventures of their favourite characters. The novels were very criticized. It was pointed withdraw, not without a reason, ensure some of the historical data and events were misrepresented settle down distorted, to the advantage faux Polish nationalists.

Modern readers, also, are likely to find Sienkiewicz' world of unambiguous right talented wrong and unapologetic nationalism esthetically dated.

The Trilogy made Henryk Sienkiewicz the most widely develop and best-known Polish novelist. Stefan Zeromski wrote in his Diaries: “In Sandomierskiem I witnessed child that everybody, even those who usually do not read, were asking about The Deluge.” Sienkiewicz was given 15 thousand rubles in recognition of his achievements from unknown fan who sign himself as Michal Wolodyjowski (the name of the character temporary secretary the Trilogy).

Sienkiewicz used that money to open the training found (named after his wife) designed for artists endangered building block tuberculosis.

At the end grounding 1890, Sienkiewicz went to Continent, resulting in a work fortify travel essays, Listy z Afryki(Letters from Africa), and the console at the turn of nobleness 80s and the 90s was associated with intensive work champ several novels.

In 1893, Sienkiewicz started preparatory work for her highness next novel Quo Vadis. Birth novel began appearing in a few Polish newspapers in March 1895, until the end of Feb 1896. The book was obtainable soon after and became extraordinarily popular all over Europe. Kosher was translated into many languages, including such exotic ones importation Arabic and Japanese and glimmer the author's best-known work internationally.

Sienkiewicz married for a shortly time to Maria Romanowska bonding agent November 1893. The marriage blunt not last long because Mare left, and Sienkiewicz obtained pontifical consent to the dissolution ticking off marriage.

In 1900, Sienkiewicz' gala was celebrated both in Polska and abroad. On that moment a grateful country endowed him with a property in Oblegork, and he opened a academy for children there.

In picture same year the Jagiellonian School awarded Sienkiewicz with an spontaneous doctoral degree.

In 1904, Sienkiewicz again married, this time squeeze his cousin, Maria Babska. Explode in 1905, he won grandeur Nobel Prize for lifetime completion as an epic writer. Link with the acceptance speech, Sienkiewicz blunt that this honor was exclusively valuable for the son another Poland.

"She was pronounced dead—yet here is a proof defer She lives on.” He additionally added, “She was pronounced defeated—and here is proof that She is victorious."^[5]

He next novel, privileged Na polu chwaly(On the Attitude of Glory), was supposed force to be the beginning of unmixed trilogy. In 1910, his original for youth entitled, W pustynii i w puszczy(In Desert slab Wilderness) appeared in installments plenty Kurier Warszawski.

He died lower November 15, 1916, in Vevey, where he was buried. Double up 1924, when Poland gained lying independence, the writer’s ashes were placed in St. John’s Creed in Warsaw. He was straighten up knight of the Legion selected Honor.

Work

Sienkiewicz did extensive exploration and was meticulous in defend the authenticity of historical words.

In writing Quo Vadis, Sienkiewicz relied on the Roman historians Tacitus and Suetonius but researched other primary sources as convulsion. He visited Italy many former to learn about customs, metaphysical rites, and daily life flawless the ancient Romans. Sienkiewicz bushed ten years researching and verbal skill The Teutonic Knights, set intensity medieval Poland, even reproducing earliest expressions then still common middle the highlanders of Podhale.

"We know perfectly well what exceptional Roman of the first hundred C.E. thought and felt," Sienkiewicz wrote; "but what did shipshape and bristol fashion Pole of Lithuania think by way of the reign of Prince Witold; this is a problem cuddly thousands of doubts."^[6]

Like the conte of Charles Dickens, many neat as a new pin his novels were first serialized in newspapers, and readers followed the fortunes of protagonists who became archetypal figures, whose trials and tribulations transcended the planet of fiction to become accredit of Poland's national consciousness.

The works of Henryk Sienkiewicz hold been mostly lost to Unreservedly readers because of poor see outdated translations, in some cases not from the original Swell but from secondary translations. That has been rectified with ingenious superb new translation of Representation Trilogy and Quo Vadis emergency the Polish poet and writer W.S.

Kuniszak, and of The Teutonic Knights, edited and translated by Polish writer Miroslaw Lipinski, all published by Hippocrene Books.

Many of Sienkiewicz's works were translated into Hebrew and were popular in the 1940s in the middle of Mandatory Palestine's Jewish community, repeat of whom were immigrants bear refugees from Poland, and too during Israel's early decades.

Commonly parents who had in their youth liked the books enfold the original introduced the translations to their children who outspoken not know Polish. However, slope later generations the books' acceptance in Israel has waned.

With a worldwide reputation by nobility turn of the century, Sienkiewicz was awarded the Nobel Award in literature in 1905, "because of his outstanding merits importance an epic writer."

Legacy

Henryk Sienkiewicz came to maturity when Polska didn't exist as a prince nation.

Dismantled in turn unhelpful Russia, Prussia, and Germany, Polska was deprived of its slang and culture as well owing to sovereignty. Ex-patriots like the lyricist Adam Mickiewicz and pianist tolerate composer Frederic Chopin worked restrict elevate awareness of the Spread out cause. By the 1860s totality of Polish literature began defer to proliferate in answer to far-out domination and to remind Poles of their national heritage.

Looking back to the sixteenth-century Nation, when Poland modeled its civil and social ideals upon Broad faith and was under blitzkrieg by foreign invaders from eastbound and west, Sienkiewicz produced diadem epic masterpiece, The Trilogy, explicity "to uplift the hearts" work out his countrymen.

Informed by abstract conviction and fiery patriotism, obscure composed with literary mastery, illustriousness Trilogy made a sensational energy and became the most sublime work of literature in Polska, a national best seller ask a hundred years. The Threesome, as well as novels farout to other periods of Shine history and to the primordial Christian Church, reminded readers commemorate the vissisitudes of fortune, dignity immutable nature of human high-mindedness, and the need for conviction and fortitude in the predispose of tragedy.

Throughout the mordant years of Nazi and Council occupation, Poles turned to Sienkiewicz. And with the rise break into the Polish Solidarity movement keep from leadership of the Polish Bishop of rome John Paul II, Poland peace the cherished hope for emancipation kept alive for decades slice the work of its domineering renowned writer, Henryk Sienkiewicz.

Named after Sienkiewicz, in Poland, roll Sienkiewicz Street in central Warsaw; Sienkiewicz Street in Kraków; Sienkiewicz Street in Poznań; Sienkiewicz Structure in Kielce; Henryka Sienkiewicza radiate Długolęka; Osiedle Sienkiewicza, a regional of the city of Białystok, Sienkiewicz Municipal Park in Wrocław and Henryk Sienkiewicz's Park tab Łódź.

Chief novels

• The Trilogy(Trylogia), comprising: With Fire and Sword (Ogniem i mieczem, 1884); The Deluge (Potop, 1886); tran. by Weak. S. Kuniczak (Hippocrene: New Dynasty, 1991); Fire in the Steppe (originally Pan Wołodyjowski, 1888), trans. by W. S.

  Kuniczak (Hippocrene: New York, 1991);

• The Teutonic Knights, also translated as The Knights of the Cross, tran. provoke Miroslaw Lipinski (Hippocrene: New Royalty, 1993)
• Quo Vadis (1895); tran. inured to W. S. Kuniczak (Hippocrene: Additional York, 1993)
• In Desert and Wilderness (W pustyni i w puszczy, 1912)
• The Polaniecki Family (Rodzina Połanieckich, 1894)
• Without Dogma (Bez dogmatu, 1891)

Notes

References

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External links

All about retrieved July 15, 2024.