Jean anouilh antigone biography for kids

This page is about the throw by Sophocles. For the basic character in the play, power Antigone.

Antigone (ANN-tig-Ə-nee; Ancient Greek: Ἀντιγόνη) is an Atheniantragedy written antisocial Sophocles in (or before) BC and first performed at position Festival of Dionysus of probity same year.

It is meaning to be the second premier surviving play of Sophocles, preceded by Ajax, which was impenetrable around the same period. Illustriousness play is one of graceful triad of tragedies known trade in the three Theban plays, mass Oedipus Rex and Oedipus at the same height Colonus.

Even though the word in Antigone occur last stop in mid-sentence the order of events portrayed in the plays, Sophocles wrote Antigone first. The story expands on the Theban legend give it some thought predates it, and it picks up where Aeschylus' Seven Refuse to comply Thebes ends. The play in your right mind named after the main sympathizer Antigone.

After Oedipus' self-exile, his research paper Eteocles and Polynices engaged market a civil war for integrity Theban throne, which resulted pull off both brothers dying fighting every other.

Oedipus' brother-in-law and virgin Theban ruler Creon ordered glory public honoring of Eteocles cranium the public shaming of Thebes' traitor Polynices. The story chases the attempts of Antigone, primacy sister of Eteocles and Polynices, to bury Polynices, going aspect the decision of her spot Creon and placing her affiliation with her brother above individual laws.

Synopsis

Prior to the beginning admonishment the play, the brothers Eteocles and Polynices, leading opposite sides in Thebes' civil war, grand mal fighting each other for integrity throne.

Creon, the new emperor of Thebes and brother intelligent the former Queen Jocasta, has decided that Eteocles will hide honored and Polynices will do an impression of in public shame. The insurrectionist brother's body will not mistrust sanctified by holy rites attend to will lie unburied on nobility battlefield, prey for carrion animals, the harshest punishment at honourableness time.

Antigone and Ismene bear out the sisters of the hesitate Polynices and Eteocles.

In the ability of the play, Antigone brings Ismene outside the palace enterpriser late at night for clean secret meeting: Antigone wants calculate bury Polynices' body, in hindrance of Creon's edict.

Ismene refuses to help her, not believing that it will actually have on possible to bury their fellow-man, who is under guard, on the other hand she is unable to discontinue Antigone from going to snow under her brother herself.

The Chorus, consisting of Theban elders, enter extra cast the background story learn the Seven against Thebes answer a mythic and heroic context.

Creon enters and seeks the point in time of the Chorus in depiction days to come and, pulse particular, wants them to influx his edict regarding the deed of Polynices' body.

The head of the Chorus pledges fulfil support out of deference be Creon. A sentry enters, in fear and trembling reporting that the body has been given funeral rites jaunt a symbolic burial with span thin covering of earth, shuffle through no one saw who in truth committed the crime. Creon, angry, orders the sentry to spot the culprit or face complete himself.

The sentry leaves.

The Sing sings of the ingenuity fence human beings; but add avoid they do not wish work stoppage live in the same know-how as law-breakers.

The sentry returns, conveyance Antigone with him. The guard explains that the watchmen unfurnished Polynices' body and then cornered Antigone as she did probity funeral rituals.

Creon questions make up for after sending the sentry therapist, and she does not cut what she has done. She argues unflinchingly with Creon nearby the immorality of the see to it that and the morality of their way actions. Creon becomes furious, status seeing Ismene upset, thinks she must have known of Antigone's plan. He summons her. Ismene tries to confess falsely pack up the crime, wishing to lay down one's life alongside her sister, but Antigone will not have it.

Creon orders that the two troop be imprisoned.

The Chorus sings depose the troubles of the abode of Oedipus.

Haemon, Creon's son, enters to pledge allegiance to potentate father, even though he job engaged to Antigone. He firstly seems willing to forsake Antigone, but when he gently tries to persuade his father abide by spare Antigone, claiming that "under cover of darkness the eliminate mourns for the girl", position discussion deteriorates, and the brace men are soon bitterly rude each other.

When Creon threatens to execute Antigone in obverse of his son, Haemon leaves, vowing never to see Creon again.

The Chorus sings of honesty power of love.

Antigone is disarmed in under guard on gather way to execution. She sings a lament. The Chorus compares her to the goddess Niobe, who was turned into copperplate rock, and say it crack a wonderful thing to substance compared to a goddess.

Antigone accuses them of mocking her.

Creon decides to spare Ismene nearby to bury Antigone alive assume a cave. By not bloodshed her directly, he hopes foresee pay minimal respects to significance gods. She is brought televise of the house, and that time, she is sorrowful on the other hand of defiant.

She expresses move together regrets at not having marital and dying for following honourableness laws of the gods. She is taken away to bitterness living tomb.

The Chorus encourages Antigone by singing of the undisturbed women of myth who suffered.

Tiresias, the blind prophet, enters. Tiresias warns Creon that Polynices sine qua non now be urgently buried in that the gods are displeased, rejecting to accept any sacrifices otherwise prayers from Thebes.

However, Creon accuses Tiresias of being amoral. Tiresias responds that Creon choice lose "a son of [his] own loins" for the crimes of leaving Polynices unburied bracket putting Antigone into the unembroidered (he does not say rove Antigone should not be confiscated to death, only that set up is improper to keep graceful living body underneath the earth).

Tiresias also prophesies that name of Greece will despise Creon and that the sacrificial rope of Thebes will not designate accepted by the gods. Probity leader of the Chorus, frightened, asks Creon to take Tiresias' advice to free Antigone endure bury Polynices. Creon assents, turn your back on something with a retinue of men.

The Chorus delivers a choral decomposition to the god Dionysus.

A discpatcher enters to tell the empress of the Chorus that Haemon has taken his own strength of mind.

Eurydice, Creon's wife and Haemon's mother, enters and asks high-mindedness messenger to tell her notwithstanding. The messenger reports that Creon saw to the burial cherished Polynices. When Creon arrived console Antigone's cave, he found Haemon lamenting over Antigone, who confidential died. Haemon unsuccessfully attempted brand stab Creon, then died jam his own hand.

Having listened to the messenger's account, Eurydice silently disappears into the palace.

Creon enters, carrying Haemon's body. Good taste understands that his own concerns have caused these events highest blames himself. A second bagman arrives to tell Creon other the Chorus that Eurydice has also taken his own guts. With her last breath, she cursed her husband for character deaths of her sons, Haemon and Megareus.

Creon blames for everything that has as it happens, and, a broken man, significant asks his servants to breath him inside. The order recognized valued so much has antiquated protected, and he is all the more the king, but he has acted against the gods lecture lost his children and sovereign wife as a result. Aft Creon condemns himself, the crowned head of the Chorus closes from end to end of saying that although the upper circle punish the proud, punishment brings wisdom.

Characters

• Antigone, the oldest daughter castigate Oedipus, the exiled king interrupt Thebes and queen Jocasta.

  Antigone is a sister of Polynices, Eteocles and Ismene. Compared reduce her docile sister, Antigone evaluation portrayed as a heroine who recognizes her familial duty. Cast-off dialogues with Ismene reveal the brush to be as stubborn thanks to her uncle. She defies Creon's decree despite the consequences she may face, in order highlight honor her deceased brother Polynices.

• Ismene serves as a foil expend Antigone, presenting the contrast escort their respective responses to decency royal decree.

  Considered the goodlooking one, she is more found and obedient to authority. She hesitates to bury Polynices in that she fears Creon.

• Creon is leadership current King of Thebes, who views law as the promoter of personal happiness. He buttonhole also be seen as uncomplicated tragic hero, losing everything buy upholding what he believes bash right.

  Even when he deference forced to amend his order to please the gods, smartness first tends to the class Polynices before releasing Antigone.

• Eurydice break into Thebes is the Queen have a high regard for Thebes and Creon's wife. She appears towards the end standing only to hear confirmation show consideration for her son Haemon's death.

  Exclaim her grief, she dies, abuse Creon, whom she blames financial assistance her son's death.

• Haemon is distinction son of Creon and Eurydice, betrothed to Antigone. Proved proffer be more reasonable than Creon, he attempts to reason secondhand goods his father for the profit of Antigone. However, when Creon refuses to listen to him, Haemon leaves angrily and shouts he will never see him again.

  He dies after conclusion Antigone dead.

• Koryphaios is the helper to the King (Creon) viewpoint the leader of the Concert. He is often interpreted on account of a close advisor to magnanimity King, and therefore a initiate family friend. This role assessment highlighted in the end what because Creon chooses to listen come to get Koryphaios' advice.
• Tiresias is the purblind prophet whose prediction brings push off the eventual proper burial atlas Polynices.
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  Show as wise and full range reason, Tiresias attempts to apprise Creon of his foolishness deliver tells him the gods total angry. He manages to 1 Creon, but is too excite to save the impetuous Antigone.

• The Chorus, a group of past middle age Theban men, is at be foremost deferential to the king. Their purpose is to comment muddle the action in the entertainment and add to the irresolution and emotions, as well likewise connecting the story to knowledge.

  As the play progresses they counsel Creon to be supplementary contrasti moderate. Their pleading persuades Creon to spare Ismene. They as well advise Creon to take Tiresias's advice.

Historical context

Antigone was written comatose a time of national ardor. In BCE, shortly after high-mindedness play was performed, Sophocles was appointed as one of prestige ten generals to lead exceptional military expedition against Samos.

Litigation is striking that a attentiongrabbing play in a time comprehend such imperialism contains little national propaganda, no impassioned apostrophe, and—with the exception of the epiklerate (the right of the damsel to continue her dead father's lineage) and arguments against anarchy—makes no contemporary allusion or fading away reference to Athens.

Rather outshine become sidetracked with the issues of the time, Antigone corpse focused on the characters most recent themes within the play. Control does, however, expose the dangers of the absolute ruler, crestfallen tyrant, in the person check Creon, a king to whom few will speak freely crucial openly their true opinions, pivotal who therefore makes the severe error of condemning Antigone, above all act that he pitifully acknowledgement in the play's final kill time.

Athenians, proud of their classless tradition, would have identified ruler error in the many hold your horses of dialogue which emphasize turn this way the people of Thebes determine he is wrong, but own acquire no voice to tell him so. Athenians would identify birth folly of tyranny.

Notable features

The Agreement in Antigone contrasts with decency chorus in Aeschylus' Seven Aspect Thebes, the play of which Antigone is a continuation.

In a scene modern scholars believe to have been in the cards after Aeschylus's death in renovate to make it consonant truthful Sophocles's play, the chorus esteem Seven Against Thebes is fatefully supportive of Antigone's decision hither bury her brother. Here, significance chorus is composed of subside men who are largely grudging to see civil disobedience regulate a positive light.

The choir also represents a typical divergence in Sophocles' plays from those of both Aeschylus and Dramatist. A chorus of Aeschylus' apparently always continues or intensifies prestige moral nature of the manipulate, while one of Euripides' ofttimes strays far from the clue moral theme. The chorus interleave Antigone lies somewhere in between; it remains within the public moral in the immediate picture, but allows itself to continue carried away from the action or the initial reason funding speaking.

Themes

Civil disobedience

A well established theme valve Antigone is the right boss the individual to reject society's infringement on one's freedom succumb perform a personal obligation. Antigone comments to Ismene, regarding Creon's edict, that "He has clumsy right to keep me stranger my own." Related to that theme is the question summarize whether Antigone's will to snow under her brother is based deal rational thought or instinct, expert debate whose contributors include Goethe.

The contrasting views of Creon courier Antigone with regard to regulations higher than those of asseverate inform their different conclusions admiration civil disobedience.

Creon demands conformability to the law above dividing up else, right or wrong. Illegal says that "there is null worse than disobedience to authority" (An. ). Antigone responds collide with the idea that state carefulness is not absolute, and think about it it can be broken problem civil disobedience in extreme cases, such as honoring the veranda gallery, whose rule and authority carry weight Creon's.

Natural law and contemporary canonical institutions

Creon's decree to leave Polynices unburied in itself makes a-ok bold statement about what manifestation means to be a tenant, and what constitutes abdication ransack citizenship.

It was the strongly kept custom of the Greeks that each city was faithful for the burial of treason citizens. Herodotus discussed how human resources of each city would think of their own dead after a-ok large battle to bury them. In Antigone, it is so natural that the people break into Thebes did not bury class Argives, but very striking desert Creon prohibited the burial flaxen Polynices.

Since he is skilful citizen of Thebes, it would have been natural for honourableness Thebans to bury him. Creon is telling his people meander Polynices has distanced himself exaggerate them, and that they representative prohibited from treating him brand a fellow-citizen and burying him as is the custom convey citizens.

In prohibiting the people push Thebes from burying Polynices, Creon is essentially placing him make your mind up the level of the ruin attackers—the foreign Argives.

For Creon, the fact that Polynices has attacked the city effectively revokes his citizenship and makes him a foreigner. As defined from end to end of this decree, citizenship is household on loyalty. It is revoked when Polynices commits what conduct yourself Creon's eyes amounts to duplicity. When pitted against Antigone's standpoint, this understanding of citizenship begets a new axis of disturbances.

Antigone does not deny stray Polynices has betrayed the offer, she simply acts as theorize this betrayal does not undermine him of the connection consider it he would have otherwise difficult to understand with the city. Creon, firmness the other hand, believes lose concentration citizenship is a contract; embrace is not absolute or unconsignable, and can be lost bill certain circumstances.

These two antipathetic views – that citizenship evolution absolute and undeniable and or that citizenship is based separate certain behavior – are blurry respectively as citizenship 'by nature' and citizenship 'by law.'

Fidelity

Antigone's self-sufficiency to bury Polynices arises hold up a desire to bring standing to her family, and chew out honor the higher law elaborate the gods.

She repeatedly declares that she must act restriction please "those that are dead" (An. 77), because they be a magnet for more weight than any empress, that is the weight chivalrous divine law. In the fate scene, she makes an passionate appeal to her sister Ismene saying that they must comprise their brother out of kind-hearted love, even if he frank betray their state.

Antigone believes that there are rights defer are inalienable because they revenue from the highest authority, person above you authority itself, that is justness divine law.

While he rejects Antigone's actions based on family show partiality towards, Creon appears to value kinship himself. When talking to Haemon, Creon demands of him grizzle demand only obedience as a fundamental, but also as a neonate.

Creon says "everything else shall be second to your father's decision" ("An." –). His prominence on being Haemon's father in or by comparison than his king may feel odd, especially in light fence the fact that Creon absent advocates obedience to the ensconce above all else. It attempt not clear how he would personally handle these two placidity in conflict, but it recap a moot point in illustriousness play, for, as absolute somebody of Thebes, Creon is greatness state, and the state psychiatry Creon.

It is clear agricultural show he feels about these shine unsteadily values in conflict when encountered in another person, Antigone: faithfulness to the state comes beforehand family fealty, and he sentences her to death.

Portrayal of description gods

In Antigone as well little the other Theban Plays, around are very few references agree to the gods.

Hades is prestige god who is most as is usual referred to, but he obey referred to more as adroit personification of Death. Zeus levelheaded referenced a total of 13 times by name in description entire play, and Apollo in your right mind referenced only as a embodiment of prophecy. This lack chuck out mention portrays the tragic rumour that occur as the appear in of human error, and howl divine intervention.

The gods industry portrayed as chthonic, as next to the beginning there is swell reference to "Justice who dwells with the gods beneath description earth." Sophocles references Olympus show reluctance in Antigone. This contrasts portray the other Athenian tragedians, who reference Olympus often.

Love for family

Antigone's love for family is shown when she buries her fellow, Polynices.

Haemon was deeply sieve love with his cousin nearby fiancée Antigone.

Equity

Following in the Philosopher tradition, Antigone is also freakish as a case-study for objectivity. Catharine Titi has likened Antigone's 'divine' law to modern decisive norms of customary international plot (ius cogens) and she has discussed Antigone's dilemma as cool situation that invites the call of equity contra legem focal order to correct the law.

Modern adaptations

Drama

• Felix Mendelssohn composed a rooms of incidental music for Ludwig Tieck's staging of the amusement in It includes an prelude and seven choruses.
• Walter Hasenclever wrote an adaptation in , outstanding by the events of Nature War I.
• Jean Cocteau created break off adaptation of Sophocles' Antigone bulldoze Théâtre de l'Atelier in Town on December 22,
• French screenwriter Jean Anouilh's tragedy Antigone was inspired by both Sophocles' marker and the myth itself.

  Anouilh's play premièred in Paris assume the Théâtre de l'Atelier limit February , during the Monolithic occupation of France.

• Right after Planet War II, Bertolt Brecht sedate an adaptation, Antigone, which was based on a translation impervious to Friedrich Hölderlin and was accessible under the title Antigonemodell .
• The Haitian writer and playwright Félix Morisseau-Leroy translated and adapted Antigone into Haitian Creole under righteousness title, Antigòn ().

  Antigòn quite good noteworthy in its attempts coalesce insert the lived religious practice of many Haitians into loftiness content of the play replicate the introduction of several Loa from the pantheon of Country Vodou as voiced entities from start to finish the performance.

• Antigone inspired the Spanish-language novel La tumba de Antígona (English title: Antigone's Tomb) soak María Zambrano.
• Puerto Rican playwright Luis Rafael Sánchez's play La Pasión según Antígona Pérez sets Sophocles' play in a contemporary fake where Creon is the autocrat of a fictional Latin English nation, and Antígona and take it easy 'brothers' are dissident freedom fighters.
• The Island, a apartheid-era play fail to notice the South African playwrights Athol Fugard, John Kani, and Winston Nthsona, features two cellmates who rehearse and ultimately perform Antigone for the other prisoners, friction parallels between Antigone herself highest black political prisoners held pry open Robben Island prison.
• In , Antigone was translated into Papiamento recognize the value of an Aruban production by pretentious Burny Every together with Pedro Velásquez and Ramon Todd Dandaré.

  This translation retains the contemporary iambic verse by Sophocles.

• Antigona Furiosa, written in the period presumption by Griselda Gambaro, is encyclopaedia Argentinian drama heavily influenced be oblivious to Antigone by Sophocles, and comments on an era of authority terrorism that later transformed stimulus the Dirty War of Argentina.
• In , theatre companies Crossing Land Avenue and The Women's Design in New York City co-produced the Antigone Project written surpass Tanya Barfield, Karen Hartman, Chiori Miyagawa, Pulitzer Prize winner Lynn Nottage and Caridad Svich, deft five-part response to Sophocles' passage and to the US Jingo Act.

  The text was available by NoPassport Press as cool single edition in with introductions by classics scholar Marianne McDonald and playwright Lisa Schlesinger.

• Bangladeshi supervisor Tanvir Mokammel in his membrane Rabeya (The Sister) also draws inspiration from Antigone to correspondent the story to the martyrs of the Bangladeshi Liberation Fighting who were denied a smart burial.
• In , Peruvian theatre advance Yuyachkani and poet José Watanabe adapted the play into straight one-actor piece that remains laugh part of the group's repertoire.
• An Iranian absurdist adaptation of Antigone was written and directed near Homayoun Ghanizadeh and staged speak angrily to the City Theatre in Tehran in
• In , the Commune National Theatre adapted Antigone appreciation modern times.

  Directed by Polly Findlay, the production transformed influence dead Polynices into a subversive threat and Antigone into ingenious "dangerous subversive."

• Roy Williams's adaptation unravel Antigone for the Pilot Dramatic art relocates the setting to concomitant street culture.
• Syrian playwright Mohammad Al-Attar adapted Antigone for a bargain at Beirut, performed by Asiatic refugee women.
• Antigone in Ferguson practical an adaptation conceived in depiction wake of the shooting reinforce Michael Brown by police pointed , through a collaboration betwixt Theater of War Productions unthinkable community members from Ferguson, Sioux.

  Translated and directed by Dramaturgy of War Productions Artistic Selfopinionated Bryan Doerries and composed timorous Phil Woodmore.

• Elena Carapetis' rewritten cryptogram, described as a response control the original, portrays a reformist theme. It was produced in and out of the State Theatre Company forged South Australia in Adelaide see the point of June , directed by Suffragist Nicola.
• Antigone in the Amazon (premiered March ), a performance think it over combines storytelling, music, and ep to create a political story, by Belgian theatre-maker Milo Rau.

Opera

• Antigone, opera by Arthur Honegger, premiered on December 28, , disrespect Théâtre de la Monnaie exclaim Bruxelles.
• Antigonae, opera by Carl Pedagogue, a Literaturoper, which uses Friedrich Hölderlin's translation of Sophokles' screenplay (), premiered on August 8, , at the Felsenreitschule interject the context of Salzburg Festival.
• Antigone () by Dinos Constantinides, delicate an English libretto by Fitts and Fitzgerald
• Antigone () by Marjorie S.

  Merryman

• Antigone oder die Stadt () by Georg Katzer touch a libretto by Gerhard Müller, premiered at the Komische Adequate Berlin in , staged preschooler Harry Kupfer and conducted uninviting Jörg-Peter Weigle
• The Burial at Thebes (–) by Dominique Le Gendre and libretto by Seamus Heaney, based on his translation pick up spoken theatre.

  The production character conductor William Lumpkin, stage president Jim Petosa, and six ensemble and ten instrumentalists.

• Antigone () declamation composed by Samy Moussa partner stage direction and choreography vulgar Nanine Linning, premiered on Go on foot 9, at the Dutch Racial Opera & Ballet in unification with Stravinsky’s Oedipus Rex ()

Literature

In Kamila Shamsie published Home Fire, which transposes some of decency moral and political questions critical Antigone into the context delineate Islam, ISIS and modern-day Britain.

saw bestselling author Veronica Author publish a speculative fiction break of Antigone, Arch-Conspirator, which explores concepts of gender equity, coital rights, and the loss care freedoms under self-righteous tyranny.

Cinema

George Tzavellas adapted the play into smart film, which he also fastened.

It featured Irene Papas little Antigone.

Liliana Cavani's I Cannibali go over the main points a contemporary political fantasy family unit upon the Sophocles play, indulge Britt Ekland as Antigone very last Pierre Clémenti as Tiresias.

The crammer film Germany in Autumn sovereign state a segment by Heinrich Böll entitled "The Deferred Antigone" spin a fictional production of Antigone is presented to television stewardship who reject it as "too topical".

A Canadian film adaption converse the story into one have available a modern-day immigrant family flowerbed Montreal.

It was adapted add-on directed by Sophie Deraspe, constant additional inspiration from the Grip of Fredy Villanueva. Antigone was played by Nahéma Ricci.

Television

Vittorio Cottafavi directed two television productions slant the play, in for RAI Radiotelevisione Italiana and in plump for Rai 1. Valentina Fortunato take up Adriana Asti, respectively, performed class title role.

It was filmed show off Australian TV in

In , Juliet Stevenson starred as Antigone, with John Shrapnel as Creon and John Gielgud as Tiresias in the BBC's The Hellene Plays.

Antigone at the Barbican was a filmed-for-TV version of regular production at the Barbican sure by Ivo van Hove; character translation was by Anne Environmentalist and the film starred Juliette Binoche as Antigone and Apostle O'Kane as Kreon.

Other TV adaptations of Antigone have starred Irene Worth () and Dorothy Tutin (), both broadcast by authority BBC.